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UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale

UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale

What is UPPS-P

The UPPS-P is a revised version of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior scale. This version, UPPS-P, assesses Positive Urgency in addition to the four pathways assessed in the original version of the scale-- Urgency (now Negative Urgency), (lack of) Premeditation, (lack of) Perseverance, and Sensation Seeking.

UPPS-P Printable PDF

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UPPS-P Scoring and Interpretation

This is a revised version of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior scale. This version, UPPS-P, assesses Positive Urgency in addition to the four pathways assessed in the original version of the scale-- Urgency (now Negative Urgency), (lack of) Premeditation, (lack of) Perseverance, and Sensation Seeking. The scale uses a 1 (agree strongly) to 4 (disagree strongly) response format. Because the items from different scales run in different directions, it is important to make sure that the correct items are reverse-scored. The authors suggest making all of the scales run in the direction such that higher scores indicate more impulsive behavior. Therefore, they include the scoring key for, (Negative) Urgency, (lack of) Premeditation, (lack of) Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency. For each scale, calculate the mean of the available items; this puts the scales on the same metric. The authors recommend requiring that a participant have at least 70% of the items before a score is calculated.

(Negative) Urgency (all items except 1 are reversed)

items 2 (R), 7(R), 12 (R), 17 (R), 22 (R), 29 (R), 34 (R), 39 (R), 44 (R), 50 (R), 53, 58 (R)

(lack of) Premeditation (no items are reversed)

items 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 28, 33, 38, 43, 48, 55.

(lack of) Perseverance (two items are reversed)

items 4, 9 (R), 14, 19, 24, 27, 32, 37, 42, 47 (R)

Sensation Seeking (all items are reversed)

items 3 (R), 8 (R), 13 (R), 18 (R), 23 (R), 26 (R), 31 (R), 36 (R), 41 (R), 46 (R), 51 (R), 56 (R)

Positive Urgency (all items are reversed)

items 5 (R), 10 (R), 15 (R), 20 (R), 25 (R), 30 (R), 35 (R), 40 (R), 45 (R), 49 (R), 52 (R), 54 (R), 57 (R), 59 (R)

(R) indicates the item needs to be reverse scored such 1=4, 2=3, 3=2, and 4=1.

Higher scores indicate more impulsive behavior.

PsyPack can automatically score the UPPS-P assessment and prepare corresponding tables and graphs.

UPPS-P sample result

Further, PsyPack automatically plots a graph to help you easily track progress over time.

UPPS-P track progress

Sample Report of UPPS-P

Domain

Impulsivity, Risk taking, Personality

What does UPPS-P measure

The purpose of the evaluation is to:

  • assess five personality pathways to impulsive behavior - (Negative) Urgency,(lack of) Premeditation,(lack of) Perseverance,Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency.

Administration

Self-administered

Type of outcome tool

Positive psychology

Assessment modes

Questionnaire

Age and eligibility

Young adults

Estimated time

About 5 minutes

Notes

As is true of any self-report instrument, respondents can consciously distort their response to the scale if they are motivated to do so.

Impulsivity is among the most ubiquitous personality traits found in the fields of psychology and psychiatry. It is featured prominently in every major model of personality (e.g., the Five-Factor Model; Eysenck’s P-E-N; Tellegen’s three factor model) as well as the two internationally used psychiatric classification systems--the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases. In fact, at least 18 separate disorders in the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders include criteria that are related to impulsivity. In addition, impulsivity is a consistent correlate of a variety of problematic behaviors in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Meta-analytic reviews support the importance of impulsivity and impulsivity-related constructs in antisocial behavior, risky sexual behaviors, and drug and alcohol use/abuse.

Despite its prominent role in predicting important life outcomes, the literature reflects numerous inconsistencies in the conceptualization of impulsivity. Depue and Collins (1999) indicated that "impulsivity comprises a heterogeneous cluster of lower order traits that includes terms such as impulsivity, sensation seeking, risk taking, novelty seeking, boldness, adventuresomeness, boredom susceptibility, unreliability, and unorderliness" (p. 6). The authors believe that a promising approach to parsing the heterogeneity within impulsivity lies in the UPPS model which suggests four distinct personality pathways to impulsive behavior (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001). The model and its attendant assessment instrument were originally derived from a factor analysis of 21 widely-used measures of impulsivity including four traits from three broad dimensions of the FFM. The analysis revealed a four-factor structure with each marked by one of the FFM traits. One factor, termed Urgency, measures an individual’s tendency to act “impulsively” under conditions of negative affect. The second factor, Lack of Perseverance, assesses an individual’s tendency to give up in the face of boredom, fatigue, or frustration. The third factor, Lack of Premeditation, assesses an individual’s tendency to act without consideration of the potential consequences of the behavior. The fourth factor, Sensation Seeking, refers to an individual’s interest in and tendency to pursue activities that are exciting and novel. Several studies have confirmed the factor structure of the UPPS (Lynam & Miller, 2004, while others have provided evidence for differential relations between UPPS dimensions and outcomes including crime and aggression, eating disorders, alcohol and substance use, substance dependence and abuse, and pathological gambling (Lynam & Miller, 2004; Miller, Flory, Lynam, & Leukefled, 2003; Whitesdie & Lynam, 2003). The authors have recently added a fifth personality pathway to impulsive behavior, Positive Urgency, based on work by Dr. Gregory Smith and his colleagues (Cyders, Smith, Spillane, Fischer, & Annus, 2007). Positive Urgency, assesses an individual’s tendency to give in to impulses under conditions of high positive affect.

Attribution and References

Lynam DR, Smith GT, Whiteside SP, Cyders MA. The UPPS-P: Assessing five personality pathways to impulsive behavior (Technical Report) West Lafayette: Purdue University; 2006.