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Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure

Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure

What is CORE-OM

The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) is a 34-item self-report measure designed to assess level of psychological distress and outcome of psychological therapies. The 34 items comprise four domains (with each domain comprising specific clusters): specific problems (depression, anxiety, physical problems, trauma), functioning (general day-to-day functioning, close relationships, social functioning, close relationships, social relationships); subjective well-being (feelings about self and optimism about the future); and risk (risk to self, risk to others).

CORE-OM Printable PDF

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CORE-OM Scoring and Interpretation

The measure includes 34 simply worded items all answered on the same five-point scale ranging from `not at all' to `most or all the time'. The items cover four domains: subjective well-being four items), problems/symptoms twelve items), life functioning twelve items) and riskto self and to others; six items). Some items are tuned to lower and some to higher intensity of problems in order to increase scoring range and sensitivity to change; 25% of the items are `positively' framed with reversed scores. Overall, the measure is problem scored i.e. higher scores indicate more problems).

  • Well-being (items 4, 14, 17, 31)
  • Symptoms (items 2, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 23, 27, 28, 30)
  • Functioning (items 1, 3, 7, 12, 10, 19, 21, 25, 26, 29, 32, 33)
  • Risk (items 6, 9, 16, 22, 24, 34)

Scores are reported as means across items.

Clinical scores are calculated as the mean of all completed items on the form, which are then multiplied by 10, so that clinically meaningful differences are expressed in whole numbers. Thus, scores pressed in whole numbers. Thus, scores may range from 0 to 40.

Clinical scores are calculated as the mean of all completed items on the form, which are then multiplied by 10, so that clinically meaningful differences are expressed in whole numbers. Thus, scores pressed in whole numbers. Thus, scores may range from 0 to 40. (Connell, J., Barkham, M., Stiles, W. B., Twigg, E., Singleton, N., Evans, O., & Miles, J. N. V. (2007).)

The cut-off score of 10 represents a distinction between a clinical population (those attending psychological therapy services) and a non-clinical (general) population, rather than between those with or without a diagnosis. The cut-off score for distinguishing a sample meeting criteria distinguishing a sample meeting criteria for a specific diagnosis (e.g. depression) might be higher. (Connell, J., Barkham, M., Stiles, W. B., Twigg, E., Singleton, N., Evans, O., & Miles, J. N. V. (2007).)

Male and female cut-off scores between clinical and non-clinical populations (Evans, C., Connell, J., Barkham, M., Margison, F., McGrath, G., Mellor-Clark, J., & Audin, K. (2002).)

Table 5
DomainMaleFemale

Well-being

1.37

1.77

Symptoms

1.44

1.62

Functioning

1.29

1.30

Risk

0.43

0.30

Non-risk items

1.36

1.50

All items

1.19

1.29

Higher scores indicate more problems.

PsyPack can automatically score the CORE-OM assessment and prepare corresponding tables and graphs.

CORE-OM sample result

Further, PsyPack automatically plots a graph to help you easily track progress over time.

CORE-OM track progress

Sample Report of CORE-OM

Domain

Psychological Distress, Outcome of Psychological Therapies

What does CORE-OM measure

The purpose of the evaluation is to:

  • assess level of psychological distress and outcome of psychological therapies.

Administration

Self-administered

Type of outcome tool

Clinical

Assessment modes

Questionnaire

Age and eligibility

18 years and above

Estimated time

About 10 minutes

Notes

Since the questionnaire relies on client self-report, all responses should be verified by the clinician, and a definitive diagnosis is made on clinical grounds taking into account how well the client understood the questionnaire, as well as other relevant information from the client.

  • The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) can be hand-scored for immediate use or scanned by computer to facilitate audit of large clinical populations as part of clinical governance.
  • The CORE-OM is a reliable and valid instrument to use in clinical audit at the case, therapist or unit levels.
  • The CORE-OM provides a`lowest common denominator' or `common currency' for assessing clinical effectiveness across models of therapy, complementing theory- specific case formulation and detailed, problem- or resource-specific measures.

Attribution and References

Evans, C., Mellor-Clark, J., Margison, F., Barkham, M., Audin, K., Connell, J., & McGrath, G. (2000). CORE: Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation. Journal of Mental Health, 9(3), 247–255.