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Coronavirus Anxiety Scale

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale

What is CAS

The coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS) is a self-report mental health screener of dysfunctional anxiety associated with the coronavirus crisis. Because a significant number of people experience clinically significant fear and anxiety during an infectious disease outbreak, the CAS was developed to help clinicians and researchers efficiently identify cases of individuals functionally impaired by coronavirus-related anxiety.

CAS Printable PDF

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CAS Scoring and Interpretation

Each item of the CAS is rated on a 5-point scale, from 0 (not at all) to 4 (nearly every day), based on experiences over the past two weeks. This scaling format is consistent with the DSM-5’s cross-cutting symptom measure. A CAS total score ≥ 9 indicates probable dysfunctional coronavirus-related anxiety. Elevated scores on a particular item or a high total scale score (≥ 9) may indicate problematic symptoms for the individual that might warrant further assessment and/or treatment. Clinical judgement should guide the interpretation of the CAS results.

CAS Score and Interpretation

Table 4
CAS ScoreInterpretation

0 – 8

None

9 or above

Probable dysfunctional coronavirus-related anxiety

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CAS sample result

Sample Report of CAS

Domain

Anxiety

What does CAS measure

The purpose of the evaluation is to:

  • assess physiologically-based, dysfunctional anxiety symptoms associated with the coronavirus.

Administration

Self-administered

Type of outcome tool

Clinical

Assessment modes

Questionnaire

Age and eligibility

18 years and above

Estimated time

Less than 2 minutes

Notes

  • Since the questionnaire relies on client self-report, all responses should be verified by the clinician, and a definitive diagnosis is made on clinical grounds taking into account how well the client understood the questionnaire, as well as other relevant information from the client.
  • Elevated scores on a particular item or a high total scale score (≥ 9) may indicate problematic symptoms for the individual that might warrant further assessment and/or treatment. Clinical judgement should guide the interpretation of the CAS results.
  • Although the CAS items center on anxiety and trauma related reactions, the fact that they are also exclusively focused on distressing bodily symptoms, make them highly relevant to somatic symptom and related disorders (e.g., illness anxiety disorder), as well.
  • Psychometric properties: Independent studies of adults residing across the United State have demonstrated that the CAS is a reliable instrument (αs > .90), with solid factorial (single-factor; invariant across sociodemographics) and construct (correlated with anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and drug/alcohol coping) validity. The diagnostic properties of the CAS (90% sensitivity and 85% specificity) are comparable to related screening instruments, such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.

Attribution and References

Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44:7, 393-401.